Covid-19: un reto para los estudiantes de Enfermería en la educación en el trabajo / COVID-19: a challenge for Nursing students in the on-the-job training

RESUMEN Introducción: en las prácticas docentes de Enfermería de la educación en el trabajo, que se realizan en centros hospitalarios, los estudiantes y enfermeros están expuestos al contagio por covid-19. De ahí que se haga necesaria la preparación de este personal para ejercer su labor de un modo exitoso en medio de un escenario complejo. Objetivo: evaluar el enfrentamiento a la covid-19 por parte de educandos y personal de enfermería en las prácticas de la educación en el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación de intervención y desarrollo en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, de Matanzas, entre septiembre y octubre de 2020, período de rebrote de la covid. Para ello se trabajó con el universo constituido por 12 pacientes, 12 cuidadores y 6 educandos de 5to año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería. El estudio se dividió en tres etapas: diagnóstica, entrenamiento y evaluación. Se utilizó la entrevista. Resultados: predominó en los pacientes el grupo etario de 40 a 49 años, con 41,66 % del género masculino. En los cuidadores predominó el femenino, y la edad de 50 a 59 años. El entrenamiento resultó efectivo en un 58,33 %. Conclusiones: la prevención y el autocuidado fueron respuestas estratégicas positivas como formas de actuación en los educandos y el resto del personal que participó en la investigación. La labor asistencial educativa minimizó el riesgo epidemiológico en los pacientes y cuidadores, y logró un incremento en la percepción de riesgo de contraer la enfermedad (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: students and nurses are exposed to contagion by COVID-19 during the Nursing teaching practices of on-the-job training carried out in hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary train these staff to carry out their work successfully in the middle of a difficult scenario. Objective: to evaluate COVID-19 facing by students and nursing staff in the practices of on-the-job training. Materials and methods: an intervention and development research was conducted in the Neurosurgery Service of the University Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, of Matanzas, between September and October 2020, period of COVID-19 resurgence. For that we worked with a universe of 12 patients, 12 caregivers and 6 5th-year students of Nursing degree. The study was divided into three stages: diagnosis, training and evaluation. The interview was used. Results: the 40-49 age group predominated among patients, with 41.66 % of the male gender. Among caregivers, female gender predominated and 50-59 age group. The training was effective at 58.33 %. Conclusions: prevention and self-care were positive strategic answers as forms of action in students and the rest of the staff involved in the research. The educational aid work minimized the epidemiological risk in patients and caregivers, and achieved an increase in risk perception of contracting the disease (AU).

Exploring the Contextual Factors Surrounding the Recruitment and Retention of Men in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program.

Men continue to be significantly underrepresented within the nursing profession, making up less than 10% of the Canadian nursing workforce. While studies have explored the challenges faced by men in nursing, fewer studies have explored the recruitment and retention barriers experienced by male nursing students. The purpose of this study was to explore the recruitment and retention of male nursing students currently enrolled in an undergraduate baccalaureate nursing program. Snowball sampling was used to recruit male nursing students (n = 17) to participate in focus groups where they shared what factors affected their decision to enter a nursing program and what experiences contributed to their decision to remain in the nursing program. The results of this research can contribute to the development of strategies to recruit and retain men in nursing and ultimately have the effect of diversifying the nursing profession.

The value of faculty during student on-site evaluations.

The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board recognizes the value of nurse practitioner faculty in evaluating students at the clinical site. The Board of Commissioners recently approved the awarding of clinical hours to nurse practitioner faculty for clinical site visits. This article outlines the rationale and procedure for conducting and documenting student visits that can be applied to recertification.

Transcultural adaptation of the Student Nurse Stress Index to Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: to cross-culturally adapt the Student Nurse Stress Index to the Brazilian context. METHOD: this is a methodological study of translation and cross-cultural adaptation. We used a sample of specialists (n = 3) and nursing students (n = 40). Socioeconomic and academic questionnaires were used for data collection, assessment and the translated instrument (SNSI-Brazil). RESULTS: most students were female (90.0%), single (87.5%), unemployed (80.0%), they studied on average 11 hours per week, slept 6 hours per day; and rated the face and the content of the instrument as very good, agreeing substantially (kappa = 0.74 and p-value < 0.01). The judges showed regular agreement in their assessments, and the SNSI-Brazil showed a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80). CONCLUSION: The SNSI-Brazil was validated for face and content, has a good internal consistency if compared to versions used in other countries.

Profile of nursing students: quality of life, sleep and eating habits.

OBJECTIVE: to profile and analyze sleep quality, quality of life and eating habits of nursing students. METHODS: a cross-sectional, comparative and correlational study with the following variables: sociodemographic characteristics, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, quality of life and eating habits. One hundred ninety-five students participated in the study. RESULTS: participants were on average 24 years old. Results showed that females were prevalent (87.1%); 71.0% of the students had poor sleep quality; 98.9% used electronic devices before bedtime. Self-perception of quality of life was indifferent (38.3%), and self-perception of general health, 36.9% expressed satisfaction. Among the participants, 45.13% consumed one portion of fruit and 40.66% two to three portions of vegetables daily. CONCLUSION: the study allowed the profile of these students, sedentary, overweight and poor sleep quality young students who studied and worked.

Empathic profile of nursing freshmen.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the empathic profile and the empathy scores of freshmen of the nursing course. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Descriptive study involving 399 freshmen students of two modalities of nursing courses: Bachelor and Bachelor and Teaching Diploma, in the period from 2012 to 2015. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Empathy Inventory were applied. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The research received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing. The students registered their acceptance to participate in the research by signing the Free and Informed Consent Form and anonymity was guaranteed. FINDINGS: The mean age of the participants was 19 years, being 85.5% female. The students were grouped by course modality and all groups presented high empathy scores. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found, which indicates that students of the Bachelor and Teaching Diploma program presented a higher degree of empathy for the General Score, Domain 2 (Interpersonal Flexibility), and Domain 3 (Altruism) in relation to students in the Bachelor program. CONCLUSION: Results show that nursing undergraduate freshmen are emphatic, with minimum differences between the two courses. This profile is relevant for the development of future professionals capable to demonstrate a balance between instrumental and expressive competences.

Predictors of nurses' level of participation in student care: A multivariable analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association and predictive nature of certain socio-demographic, education, work and research variables on nurses' participation level in the clinical care of students. DESIGN: A cross-sectional analytical study using a validated questionnaire between February and June 2014. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A consecutive sample of 117 nurses who worked in public health centres in the province of Castellón (Spain) in 2014. The nurses who had never mentored students and the questionnaires that were <50% complete were excluded. METHODS: A descriptive analysis of the sample and an association analysis between variables were performed. The questionnaire and its dimensions were performed with a logistic regression and the maximum likelihood method, which used a complementary log-log link method. The concordance index was calculated using contingency tables. RESULTS: The mean age was 42.56 years, and the overall mean questionnaire score was 122.84 (SD = 18.69; 95% CI: 119.415-126.26). Across the sample, 58.1% (n = 68) of the nurses obtained an Excellent score, followed by Adequate in 41% (n = 48). Overall, the predictive variables were age, mentoring of students in the last 5 years and previous training to mentor students. CONCLUSION: The main predictive variable for greater participation in the mentorship of students was previous training in mentoring. This study also reflected on other variables that could influence nurses' participation in student mentoring.

What works in promoting and maintaining diversity in nursing programs.

BACKGROUND: The presence of a registered nurse (RN) workforce that is culturally and linguistically familiar with underrepresented minorities promotes effective health care for patients. A lack of diversity in the nursing education pipeline has led to a lack of diversity among registered nurses. METHODS: This qualitative descriptive study explored faculty perceptions of factors that attracted and maintained a diverse nursing student body at three different universities with large percentages of minority students. Websites were evaluated for diversity and audio-taped telephone interviews were conducted with nursing faculty using a semistructured set of open-ended questions. RESULTS: College location, online courses, community outreach programs, the presence of a diverse faculty and students, faculty accessibility, and financial aid with low college costs were identified as common factors in attracting and retaining minority students. Barriers included the cost for low socioeconomic status students, inadequate primary and secondary educational preparation, inherent bias in the institution, competition from other schools, admission policies, and limited diversity in leadership and faculty. CONCLUSIONS: Commitment to improving and maintaining diversity in nursing programs requires a sustained faculty effort to make the programs fit for the minority student.

Structuring educational decisions using the multiple sorting task: An example focusing on international placements in nursing.

Practical examples of the steps involved in the planning and execution of the multiple sorting task are frequently lacking in published reports. This article demonstrates how the multiple sorting task can be used to structure conversations with a group of health professionals planning an international placement for nursing students. Sixteen participants were drawn from diverse professional backgrounds, including academia, clinical practice, government policy, and placement administrators. Participants sorted 17 statements written on cards into categories of their choice and noted why they sorted the cards into these particular groups. Data were analysed using multidimensional scaling and qualitative perspectives. The analysis identified four key themes that detailed the participants' views about international placements. These findings demonstrate how the multiple sorting task can be used to generate information that facilitates the examination of important facets of health care practice that universities could cover in preparing students for international placements.

Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario para medir las actitudes y percepciones hacia los hombres enfermeros / Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the attitudes towards men in nursing scale (ATMINS)

Introducción. Para facilitar la detección de las posibles causas de los bajos niveles de ingreso de los hombres en enfermería, Bartfay et al., desarrollaron un cuestionario que llamaron Attitudes Towards Men in Nursing Scale (ATMINS). Objetivo. Realizar la adaptación transcultural y validación de la escala ATMINS para evaluar si los resultados con una muestra española son similares a los encontrados en la muestra canadiense. Participantes, material y método. Los sujetos se reclutaron en las Universidades de Alicante y del País Vasco. A todos los candidatos se les informó sobre el objetivo del estudio para que decidieran si deseaban participar en el mismo, una vez expuesto su contenido y dando tiempo suficiente para la lectura del cuestionario. Se ha utilizado el cuestionario ATMINS tras la pertinente traducción el español. La versión española de la escala ATMINS se proporcionó a un total de 142 participantes, que pertenecían al cuarto curso de Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad de Alicante y al Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad de Donostia. En ningún caso la cumplimentación de la escala por la muestra a estudio duró más de 5 minutos y no se detectó dificultad alguna en su implementación. Tras la administración de la escala, se realizó un análisis de consistencia interna mediante el Alfa de Cronbach con corrección mediante eliminación de ítem y posterior estudio de la validez de constructo mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio con rotación Varimax. Resultados. Los resultados muestran una fiabilidad que no alcanza el grado moderado. Se observa además, que, si se elimina el ítem 6, todas las submuestras, así como la muestra total, mejoran la consistencia interna. Este efecto no se obtiene tras la supresión de cualquiera de los otros cinco reactivos. El análisis factorial exploratorio apoya una estructura bifactorial del cuestionario con saturaciones muy altas en cada uno de los dos factores y con una carga negativa dentro del factor 2 para el ítem seis. La carga negativa del reactivo seis mantiene la saturación (.717) tras su inversión. Teniendo en cuenta solo los ítems del factor 1, se realiza el estudio de la consistencia interna, el cual revela que mejora la consistencia interna de la escala con puntuaciones próximas a .70. Conclusiones. La Escala revisada es un instrumento de fácil y rápida aplicación. Es válida para muestra española y posee una consistencia interna aceptable. Los resultados tanto en la Universidad de Ontario como en las de Alicante y Donostia (España) son equiparables (AU)

Aiming at detecting possible causes for the lack of male nursing professionals, Bartfay et al. developed a questionnaire named Attitudes Towards Men in Nursing Scale (ATMINS), which they tested in a university in Ontario, Canada. Objective. Achieve a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Attitudes Towards Men in Nursing Scale (ATMINS), in order to evaluate if results achieved using a Spanish sample are comparable with the Canadian study’s results. Participants, materials and method. Participants were recruited in universities of Alicante and Donostia (Basque Country). To assure voluntary participation in the study, all candidates were informed about the objective of the study and giving enough time to read the questionnaire. The questionnaire used was the Attitudes Toward Men in Nursing Scale (ATMINS), translated to Spanish. The Spanish version of the ARMINS scale was handed over to a total of 142 students from the Nursing Universities of Alicante and Donostia. Time needed to fill the questionnaires didn´t exceed 5 minutes in any case, and no difficulty was observed during implementation. After testing the scale, an internal consistency analysis was performed using Cronbach´s Alpha with correction by eliminating items. Validation of construct was done via Exploratory Factorial analysis with Varimax rotation. Results. The results show a reliability which does not reach a moderate degree. Eliminating item 6 in all subsamples, as well as in the total sample suppressing any of the other 5 items, increases internal consistency. The exploratory factorial analysis supports a bi-factorial structure of the questionnaire with very high saturation on each factor and a negative charge inside factor 2 for item 6. The negative charge of item 6 keeps the saturation (0.717) after its inversion. By performing an internal consistency analysis taking only into account items of factor 1, the scale’s consistency improves with results close to 0.70. Conclusions. The revised scale is a tool which enables easy and fast application. It is valid for the Spanish sample and provides an acceptable internal consistency. The results obtained in both universities in Spain and in Canada are comparable (AU)

Patient safety in nursing paths in Brazil. / A segurança do paciente nos caminhos percorridos pela enfermagem brasileira.

OBJECTIVE:: summarize the dissertations and theses produced by nurses available in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Brazilian Nursing Association, from volume XIX to XXXII, that address patient safety. METHOD:: this is a documentary study. After data collection, the following variables were analyzed: academic level, educational institutions, year, place, type of service, study object, study method, subjects, priority protocol of patient safety, implications and final recommendations. RESULTS:: 8,720 abstracts were found, 53 (0.61%) of which were analyzed. There was a predominance of dissertations (n=19; 35.85%) regarding the reduction of risks for fall and pressure ulcer (n=24; 45.28%), of descriptive type (n=21; 39.62%), quantitative type (n=16; 30.19%), in hospital environments (n=16; 30.19%), using scales and protocols (n=6; 11.32%). CONCLUSION:: there is a tendency towards the development of studies related to patient safety in hospital environments, with an emphasis on the reduction of risk for pressure ulcer.

A segurança do paciente nos caminhos percorridos pela enfermagem brasileira / Seguridad del paciente en los caminos transitados por la enfermería brasileña / Patient safety in nursing paths in Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: sumarizar as dissertações e teses produzidas por enfermeiros disponíveis no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, do volume XIX ao XXXII, que abordam a segurança do paciente. Método: pesquisa documental. Após coleta de dados, analisaram-se as seguintes variáveis: nível acadêmico, instituição de ensino, ano, local, tipo de serviço, objeto de estudo, desenho metodológico, sujeitos, protocolo prioritário de segurança do paciente, implicações e recomendações finais. Resultados: encontrados 8.720 resumos, dos quais 53 (0,61%) foram analisados. Houve predomínio de dissertações (n=19; 35,85%) relacionadas à redução do risco de quedas e úlcera por pressão (n=24; 45,28%), do tipo descritivo (n=21; 39,62%), quantitativo (n=16; 30,19%), no cenário hospitalar (n=16; 30,19%), utilizando escalas e protocolos (n=6; 11,32%). Conclusão: observou-se tendência para desenvolvimento de estudos relacionados à segurança do paciente no cenário hospitalar, com ênfase na redução do risco de úlcera por pressão.

RESUMEN Objetivo: sintetizar las disertaciones y tesis realizadas por enfermeros, disponibles en el Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería, del volumen XIX al XXXII, abordando la seguridad del paciente. Método: investigación documental. Después de recolectar los datos, se analizaron las variables: nivel académico, institución de enseñanza, año, lugar, tipo de servicio, objeto de estudio, diseño metodológico, sujetos, protocolo primario de seguridad del paciente, implicaciones y recomendaciones finales. Resultados: se encontraron 8.720 resúmenes, de los que 53 (0,61%) fueron analizados. Predominaron disertaciones (n=24; 45,28%), de tipo descriptivo (n=21; 39,62%), cuantitativo (n=16; 30,19%), en ámbito hospitalario (n=16; 30,19%), utilizando escalas y protocolos (n=6; 11,32%). Conclusión: Se observó tendencia al desarrollo de estudios relacionados a la seguridad del paciente en ámbito hospitalario, con énfasis en la reducción del riesgo de úlcera por presión.

ABSTRACT Objective: summarize the dissertations and theses produced by nurses available in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Brazilian Nursing Association, from volume XIX to XXXII, that address patient safety. Method: this is a documentary study. After data collection, the following variables were analyzed: academic level, educational institutions, year, place, type of service, study object, study method, subjects, priority protocol of patient safety, implications and final recommendations. Results: 8,720 abstracts were found, 53 (0.61%) of which were analyzed. There was a predominance of dissertations (n=19; 35.85%) regarding the reduction of risks for fall and pressure ulcer (n=24; 45.28%), of descriptive type (n=21; 39.62%), quantitative type (n=16; 30.19%), in hospital environments (n=16; 30.19%), using scales and protocols (n=6; 11.32%). Conclusion: there is a tendency towards the development of studies related to patient safety in hospital environments, with an emphasis on the reduction of risk for pressure ulcer.

The Impact of Nursing Students' Cultural Diversity on the Intention and Attitudes Towards the Use of Information Technology (IT).

This research highlights the challenge for nursing educators in understanding, developing awareness, and preparing strategies to manage the impact of nursing students' cultural diversity on the relationship between the intention to use computer and attitudes, self-efficacy, innovativeness, and threat and challenge.

Reduced withdrawal and failure rates of accelerated nursing students enrolled in pharmacology is associated with a supportive intervention.

BACKGROUND: To reduce nursing shortages, accelerated nursing programs are available for domestic and international students. However, the withdrawal and failure rates from these programs may be different than for the traditional programs. The main aim of our study was to improve the retention and experience of accelerated nursing students. METHODS: The academic background, age, withdrawal and failure rates of the accelerated and traditional students were determined. Data from 2009 and 2010 were collected prior to intervention. In an attempt to reduce the withdrawal of accelerated students, we set up an intervention, which was available to all students. The assessment of the intervention was a pre-post-test design with non-equivalent groups (the traditional and the accelerated students). The elements of the intervention were a) a formative website activity of some basic concepts in anatomy, physiology and pharmacology, b) a workshop addressing study skills and online resources, and c) resource lectures in anatomy/physiology and microbiology. The formative website and workshop was evaluated using questionnaires. RESULTS: The accelerated nursing students were five years older than the traditional students (p < 0.0001). The withdrawal rates from a pharmacology course are higher for accelerated nursing students, than for traditional students who have undertaken first year courses in anatomy and physiology (p = 0.04 in 2010). The withdrawing students were predominantly the domestic students with non-university qualifications or equivalent experience. The failure rates were also higher for this group, compared to the traditional students (p = 0.05 in 2009 and 0.03 in 2010). In contrast, the withdrawal rates for the international and domestic graduate accelerated students were very low. After the intervention, the withdrawal and failure rates in pharmacology for domestic accelerated students with non-university qualifications were not significantly different than those of traditional students. CONCLUSIONS: The accelerated international and domestic graduate nursing students have low withdrawal rates and high success rates in a pharmacology course. However, domestic students with non-university qualifications have higher withdrawal and failure rates than other nursing students and may be underprepared for university study in pharmacology in nursing programs. The introduction of an intervention was associated with reduced withdrawal and failure rates for these students in the pharmacology course.

Is There Evidence of Failing to Fail in Our Schools of Nursing?

AIM: To assess evidence for "failing to fail" in undergraduate nursing programs. BACKGROUND: Literature on grading practices largely focuses on clinical or academic grading. Reviewing both as distinct entities may miss a more systemic grading problem. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey targeted 235 faculty within university and community colleges in a western state. Chi-square tests of independence explored the relation between institutional and faculty variables. RESULTS: The response rate was 34 percent. Results suggest failing to fail may be evident across the sector in both clinical and academic settings: 43 percent of respondents had awarded higher grades than merited; 17.7 percent had passed written examinations they felt should fail; 66 percent believed they had worked with students who should not have passed their previous placement. CONCLUSION: Failing to fail cuts across instructional settings. Further exploration is imperative if schools are to better engender a climate for rigorously measuring student attainment.

Los estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería y su compromiso con los estudios / Students in graduate programs in nursing and commitment to studies

El engagement o compromiso con los estudios es un estado afectivo positivo del estudiante con todo lo relacionado con los estudios. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo era conocer el nivel de engagement de los estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería del Centro adscrito de Diputación de Málaga de la UMA, así como su relación con las variables sociodemográficas y socioeducativas. Método: Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. Se utilizó el instrumento UWES-S para medir el compromiso o engagement con sus estudios. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante cuestionario enviado on-line. Resultados: Respondieron al cuestionario 170 alumnos y la participación fue del 52,99%. Los valores medios de engagement obtenidos fueron: puntuación global (media 58,52 SD 11,852 ), vigor (media 17,93 SD 5,087 ), dedicación (media 25,54 SD 3,980) y absorción (media 15,09 SD 4,079 ). Conclusiones: Hemos detectado correlaciones entre la puntuación global de engagement, el vigor y la absorción con el rendimiento académico. Así mismo hemos detectado diferencias de medias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos sexos en dedicación y puntuación global. Las medias en absorción son mayores en aquellos alumnos que viven en pareja y en aquellos que tienen otras obligaciones de cuidados. La edad ha correlacionado con la absorción de forma positiva. The engagement or commitment to studies is a positive affective state of the student with everything related to the studies(AU)

Objective: The objective of this work was to determine the level of engagement of students assigned Degree Nursing Council of Malaga Center of UMA and its relationship with socio-demographic and socio-educational variables. Methods: We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study. The UWES-S instrument was used to measure the commitment or engagement with their studies. The data were obtained by questionnaire on line. Results: 170 students responded to the questionnaire and the turnout was 52.99% . The mean values of engagement were obtained: overall score (mean 58.52 SD 11,852 ), vigor (mean 17.93 SD 5,087) (mean 25.54 SD 3.980) and dedication (mean 15.09 SD 4,079) absorption. Conclusions: We have detected correlations between the overall score of engagement, vigor and absorption with academic performance. Likewise, we detected statistically significant mean differences between the sexes in dedication and overall score. Means in absorption are higher in those students who live with a partner and those who have other duties of care. The age has been correlated with positive absorption (AU)

Cambios en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes de los Grados de Enfermería y de Magisterio tras cursar una asignatura de Nutrición / Changes in the adherence to the mediterranean diet in students of Grades of Teaching and Nursing after completing a course on Nutrition

Introducción: El patrón de Dieta Mediterránea es considerado como un modelo a potenciar; sin embargo, se está deteriorando especialmente en jóvenes universitarios. Intentar mejorarlo en la etapa de formación universitaria creemos puede ser de interés y máxime si se trata de futuros profesionales de Enfermería (E) y Magisterio (M). Objetivo: Determinar las variaciones que con la docencia en asignaturas de nutrición-alimentación se pueden conseguir tanto en conocimientos como en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (ADM) en una población universitaria de futuros Enfermeros y Maestros y analizar diversos factores que pudieran mejorar su calidad nutricional. Material y métodos: Distribución pre y post docencia de un cuestionario y del test Kidmed a una muestra de 399 universitarios (216, E; y 183, M) con edades medias de 22,4 años (E) y de 33,8 años (M). De cada encuestado se registraban estudios iniciales, edad, peso, talla, conocimientos de DM e índice Kidmed (de 0 a 12) indicando si la ADM era baja (de 0 a 3), media (de 4 a 7) o alta (de 8 a 12). Para la comparación de los datos se ha utilizado el test Chi cuadrado y el programa estadístico SPSS 21. Resultados: Existen en ambos colectivos (E y M), tras la docencia variaciones significativas en conocimientos (p<0,001) sobre DM. Asimismo son significativos los cambios entre los valores medios de ADM, tanto en Enfermería que pasan de 4,76 a 5,33 (p<0,05), como en Magisterio que evoluciona de 6,17 a 8,77 (p<0,001). No obstante lo anterior, son muy deficientes los valores finales de consumo de frutas y verduras en el grupo de Enfermería. La mejor evolución del grupo de Magisterio puede estar condicionada por la edad madura de este grupo. Dentro de las mejoras significativas post docencia conseguidas en los hábitos de ambos grupos sólo son coincidentes las que implican un consumo de menor bollería industrial (p<0,001) y golosinas (p<0,05). Conclusiones: A pesar de los avances conseguidos el 84,3% de los futuros Enfermeros necesitarían mejorar su ADM y sería necesario incrementar hábitos nucleares de la DM como son el consumo diario de frutas y verduras. Ya en menor proporción, un 27% de los estudiantes de Magisterio deberían también mejorar su ADM. Sería conveniente seguir profundizando en campañas educativas nutricionales y máxime teniendo en cuenta la futura función social que estos colectivos pueden desempeñar (AU)

Introduction: The Mediterranean diet pattern is considered as a model to be promoted; however, it is deteriorating especially in universitary students. We believe that trying to improve it on the stage of university education may be of interest and moreover if these are future professionals of Nursing (E) and Teaching (M). Objective: Determining the variations after teaching of subjects in nutrition and food that can be achieved in both, knowledge and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (AMD) in a universitary population of futures Nurses and Teachers and analyzing various factors to improve their nutritional quality. Materials and Methods: Distribution Pre and Post Teaching of a questionnaire and Kidmed test to a sample of 399 university students (216 E, and 183 M) with mean enge of 22.4 years old (E) and 33.8 years old (M). Background studies, age, weight, height, knowledge on MD and Kidmed index (0-12) indicating whether the AMD was low (0 to 3), medium (4 to 7) or high (from 8 to 12) are recorded by each respondent. The Chi square test and SPSS 21 statistical program are used for data comparison. Results: Significative differences exist in both groups (E and M) after teaching in knowledge (p <0.001) on MD. Likewise, those changes between the mean values of AMD in both, Nursing, from 4.76 to 5.33 (p <0.05), and Teaching evolving from 6.17 to 8.77 (p <0.001) are significant. Despite of this, values of consumption of fruits and vegetables within the Nursing group, are very poor. The best evolution in the Teaching students may be conditioned by the maturity of this group. Among the significant improvements achieved in post teaching habits are those involving lower consumption of bakery products (p <0.001) and sweets (p <0.05), which only occurs in both groups. Conclusions: Despite the progress achieved, the 84.3% of future nurses would need to improve their AMD and to increase the nuclear DM habits, such as daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. Although in a smaller proportion, 27% of the Teaching students should improve their AMD as well. It would be desirable to get deeper in nutritional education campaigns using subjects such as those already mentioned, and especially considering the future social role that these groups can play (AU)

La tutoría en enfermería, un enfoque fenomenológico Reconociendo al «ser» en la dualidad / Mentoring in nursing, a phenomenological approach

El objetivo de este artículo es explicar que la tutoría, establecida originalmente para mejorar trayectorias estudiantiles, refleja un proceso más profundo de desarrollo de las personas implicadas en ella. El método utilizado es el análisis de la experiencia tutorial a partir de la observación participante y la fenomenología de los procesos vividos. Los resultados revelan que el análisis anticipado de los factores de riesgo presentes en lo académico -sociopsicológicos, familiares e institucionales, que pueden afectar la trayectoria estudiantil en su paso por la universidad- obliga a una intervención de naturaleza preventiva y al seguimiento de las variables en curso. Además, ser tutor resulta una experiencia docente que se va consolidando con el devenir cotidiano a partir de la relación humana establecida entre el tutor y el tutorizado; desde la posición del adulto con más edad y experiencia se trata de atender un estado de demanda de atención relacionada, generalmente, con los aspectos académicos. Por lo tanto, se cumple la función docente, pero llevada a cabo de manera particular. Contribuyendo a encontrar significado al conocimiento no comprendido, esta función también se efectúa si son tutores pares. Sin embargo, en el proceso tutorial cara a cara se aprende a conocer al otro y, ocasionalmente, resulta ser el espejo donde se refleja la propia historia; mientras se van reconociendo los problemas del tutorizado se van evidenciando los fantasmas propios. Por ello, sostenemos que, aunque la tutoría nació para disminuir los índices de abandono y suspenso y para aumentar los de adhesión y titulación, se ha convertido con el tiempo en un proceso de mejorar personas (AU)

The essay explains that mentoring, originally established to improve student trajectories, reflects a deeper improvement of the people involved in the process. The method used is the analysis of the mentoring experience from participant observation and phenomenology of lived processes. The results reveal that the early analysis of risk factors present in academics -socio- psychological, family and institutional matters, that may affect the student experience in its passage through the academic unit-, requires the intervention of a preventive nature and monitoring operating variables. In addition, tutoring is a teaching experience which is consolidated with the daily life from the human relationship established between the mentor and the mentee, from the position of the older adult and experience is a state meet demand related care. However, in the tutorial process face to face, usually with academic aspects, therefore, the teaching function is fulfilled but operated in particular. By helping to find meaning to knowledge not understood, this function is still performed if tutors pairs learn to know each other that occasionally is the mirror which reflects the own story. While they are recognizing the problems of the mentee, the mentor will exorcise his ghosts. Therefore, we argue that, although originally born tutoring to abate dropout rates, failure and increase retention and degree, over time, has become a process of improving people (AU)